Tkinter库的学习历程：设计一个绘制词云图的GUI界面
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1.问题引入
现需要设计一个绘制词云图的GUI界面，具体功能如下：
1.采取上传文本文档（仅支持.txt格式）的方式统计词频
2.背景图形样式可选择已经设定好的，也可选择本地上传的（支持.png .jpg .jpeg格式）
3.本地上传的图片需要进行抠图处理，并将抠图结果保存到本地
4.背景图形颜色可通过调节RGB值和十六进制颜色值的方式进行设置
5.绘制好的词云图可供预览，并且可保存到本地
2.python程序
import re
import io
import jieba
import rembg
import numpy as np
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.ttk import *
from PIL import Image
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from wordcloud import ImageColorGenerator
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mp
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
"""
re: 2.2.1
jieba: 0.42.1
rembg: 2.0.61
numpy: 1.24.3
tkinter: Tk 8.6
PIL: 10.4.0
wordcloud: 1.9.3
matplotlib: 3.7.5
"""
def openfile():
global file_path, path1
file_path = askopenfilename(title='打开文本文档：', filetypes=[('Text Files', '*.txt')])
path1.set(file_path)
print(path1.get())
return path1
def openbackground():
global background_path, path2
background_path = askopenfilename(title='打开图片文件：', filetypes=[('Picture Files', '*.png *.jpg *.jpeg')])
path2.set(background_path)
print(path2.get())
return path2
def input_own_bg():
button_bg.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
def input_basic_graphic_bg():
button_bg.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
def input_rgb():
combobox_r.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
combobox_g.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
combobox_b.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
entry3.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
def input_hex():
combobox_r.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
combobox_g.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
combobox_b.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
entry3.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
def background():
if choice_color.get() == 1:
hex_r = hex(r.get())[2:].upper()
hex_g = hex(g.get())[2:].upper()
hex_b = hex(b.get())[2:].upper()
hex_r0 = hex_r.zfill(2)
hex_g0 = hex_g.zfill(2)
hex_b0 = hex_b.zfill(2)
hexcolor = '#' + hex_r0 + hex_g0 + hex_b0
else:
hexcolor = '#' + hex_color.get()
plt.close(fig=None)
fig_bg = plt.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
ax = fig_bg.add_subplot(111, facecolor='white')
if choice_shape.get() == 1: # 心形
t = np.arange(-3, 3, 0.1)
x = 18 * np.power(np.sin(t), 3)
y = 16 * np.cos(t) - 4 * np.cos(2 * t) - 3 * np.cos(3 * t) - np.cos(4 * t)
shape = plt.fill(x, y, hexcolor)[0]
ax.add_patch(shape)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.axis('off')
elif choice_shape.get() == 2: # 矩形
shape = mp.Rectangle(xy=(0.1, 0.2), width=0.8, height=0.6, color=hexcolor)
ax.add_patch(shape)
plt.axis('off')
elif choice_shape.get() == 3: # 正方形
shape = mp.Rectangle(xy=(0, 0), width=1, height=1, color=hexcolor)
ax.add_patch(shape)
plt.axis('off')
elif choice_shape.get() == 4: # 圆形
shape = mp.Circle(xy=(0.5, 0.5), radius=0.5, alpha=0.8, color=hexcolor)
ax.add_patch(shape)
plt.axis('off')
elif choice_shape.get() == 5: # 五角星
verts = []
for i in [0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 0]:
verts.append((np.sin(2 * np.pi / 5 * i), np.cos(2 * np.pi / 5 * i)))
codes = [Path.MOVETO, Path.LINETO, Path.LINETO, Path.LINETO, Path.LINETO, Path.CLOSEPOLY]
path = Path(verts, codes)
shape = mp.PathPatch(path, facecolor=hexcolor, lw=0, alpha=1)
ax.add_patch(shape)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.axis('off')
else: # 自导入
return background_path
buffer = io.BytesIO()
# if hexcolor=='#FFFFFF':
# fig_bg.patch.set_facecolor('black')
canvas_bg = fig_bg.canvas
canvas_bg.print_png(buffer)
data = buffer.getvalue()
buffer.write(data)
plt.close(fig=None)
return buffer
def check(event):
if path1.get() and len(hex_color.get()) == 6:
button_draw.config(state=tk.NORMAL, fg='green')
else:
button_draw.config(state=tk.DISABLED, fg='red')
def check_hex(hex_input):
hex_characters = '0123456789abcdefABCDEF'
if len(hex_input) <= 6 and all(char in hex_characters for char in hex_input):
return True
else:
return False
def wordcloud():
global button_save
text = ''
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
for line in file:
text += line.strip()
text2 = str(text)
text3 = re.sub("[a-zA-Z0-9'!""#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@，。?★、…【】《》：？“”‘'！[\\]^_`{|}~\s]+", "", text2)
text4 = jieba.lcut(text3)
text5 = ' '.join(text4)
stop_words = set()
content = [line.strip() for line in open('stopwords.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8').readlines()]
stop_words.update(content)
font = r'C:\Windows\Fonts\simhei.ttf'
img = Image.open(background())
img_remove = rembg.remove(img, alpha_matting=True, bgcolor=(255, 255, 255, 1))
img_remove.save('background_remove.png')
MASK = np.array(img_remove)
img_col = ImageColorGenerator(MASK)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5, 2.5))
plt.subplot(121)
wordcloud = WordCloud(background_color='white', scale=2, max_words=500, max_font_size=50, min_font_size=1,
font_path=font, stopwords=stop_words, mask=MASK, mode='RGB').generate_from_text(text5)
plt.imshow(wordcloud.recolor(color_func=img_col), alpha=1)
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(122)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplots_adjust(top=1, bottom=0, right=1, left=0, hspace=0, wspace=0)
plt.margins(0, 0)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure=fig, master=windows)
canvas.draw()
canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=4, column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=8, padx=0, pady=15)
button_save = tk.Button(windows, text='保存词云图', command=show)
button_save.grid(row=5, column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=8)
def show():
plt.show()
button_save.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
if __name__ == '__main__':
windows = tk.Tk()
windows.geometry('550x450+500+200')
windows.resizable(width=False, height=False)
windows.title('词云图')
windows.iconbitmap('image.ico')
path1 = tk.StringVar()
tk.Label(windows, text='文件路径：').grid(row=0, column=0, pady=5, padx=2)
entry1 = tk.Entry(windows, textvariable=path1, width=50, state=tk.DISABLED)
entry1.grid(row=0, column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=6, pady=5)
tk.Button(windows, text='打开文件', command=openfile, fg='green', width=9).grid(row=0, column=7, pady=5, padx=2)
choice_shape = tk.IntVar()
choice_shape.set(1)
tk.Label(windows, text='图形样式：').grid(row=1, column=0, padx=2)
button_bg = tk.Button(windows, text='打开文件', command=openbackground, fg='green', width=9, state=tk.DISABLED)
button_bg.grid(row=1, column=7, padx=2)
path2 = tk.StringVar()
entry2 = tk.Entry(windows, textvariable=path2, width=50, state=tk.DISABLED)
entry2.grid(row=1, column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=6)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='心形', value=1, variable=choice_shape, justify=tk.LEFT,
command=input_basic_graphic_bg).grid(row=2, column=1)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='矩形', value=2, variable=choice_shape, justify=tk.LEFT,
command=input_basic_graphic_bg).grid(row=2, column=2)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='正方形', value=3, variable=choice_shape, justify=tk.LEFT,
command=input_basic_graphic_bg).grid(row=2, column=3)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='圆形', value=4, variable=choice_shape, justify=tk.LEFT,
command=input_basic_graphic_bg).grid(row=2, column=4)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='五角星', value=5, variable=choice_shape, justify=tk.LEFT,
command=input_basic_graphic_bg).grid(row=2, column=5)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='自导入', value=6, variable=choice_shape, justify=tk.LEFT, command=input_own_bg).grid(
row=2, column=6)
choice_color = tk.IntVar()
choice_color.set(1)
tk.Label(windows, text='图形颜色：').grid(row=3, column=0, padx=5)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='RGB：', value=1, variable=choice_color, justify=tk.LEFT, width=5, command=input_rgb,
state=tk.NORMAL).grid(row=3, column=1)
r = tk.IntVar()
combobox_r = Combobox(windows, textvariable=r, width=3)
combobox_r['value'] = tuple(range(256))
combobox_r.set(0)
combobox_r.grid(row=3, column=2)
g = tk.IntVar()
combobox_g = Combobox(windows, textvariable=g, width=3)
combobox_g['value'] = tuple(range(256))
combobox_g.set(0)
combobox_g.grid(row=3, column=3)
b = tk.IntVar()
combobox_b = Combobox(windows, textvariable=b, width=3)
combobox_b['value'] = tuple(range(256))
combobox_b.set(0)
combobox_b.grid(row=3, column=4)
tk.Radiobutton(windows, text='十六进制：#', value=2, variable=choice_color, justify=tk.LEFT, width=8,
command=input_hex).grid(row=3, column=5)
hex_color = tk.StringVar()
entry3 = tk.Entry(windows, textvariable=hex_color, validate='key',
validatecommand=(windows.register(check_hex), '%P'), width=7, state=tk.DISABLED)
hex_color.set('000000')
entry3.grid(row=3, column=6)
button_draw = tk.Button(windows, text='绘制词云图', command=wordcloud, fg='red', width=9, height=2,
state=tk.DISABLED)
button_draw.bind('<Motion>', check)
button_draw.grid(row=2, column=7, rowspan=2, columnspan=1, padx=2)
windows.mainloop()
3.效果展示
其中，stopwords.txt为停用词数据，直接网上搜索即可，斗破苍穹.txt为该小说所有章节内容，也是直接网上搜索或者自行编写爬虫程序进行爬取即可。
Last updated on 2025-05-09